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Themes Explorers and Adventurers Nobel Prize Winners
Actors/Actresses and Directors Famous People Places of Interest
Anglo-Saxons and Danes Historic Events Prime Ministers
Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty Inventors and Scientists Royal Consorts and Heirs
Artists and Architects Monarchs World Heritage Sites
Composers National Parks Writers and Poets

Somerset

Somerset lies in south-western England on the Bristol Channel. In 1974 the north of the county together with part of Gloucestershire formed the new county of Avon. Avon has since been broken up into smaller authorities.



 Towns include the county seat of Taunton.

Anglo-Saxons and Danes

Once part of the West Saxon kingdom of Wessex.



 In 955 King Edred died at Frome. He was buried at Winchester in Hampshire.

King Edred
 Monarchs buried at Winchester



 Glastonbury Abbey holds the remains of three Saxon King's of England. Edmund I, who died in 946. His son Edgar, who died in 975 and who had been crowned in Bath Abbey in 973. Edmund II, who died in 1016.

King Edgar
 Glastonbury Abbey Bath Abbey in 1791

Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty
The very first AONB to be designated in England was the Quantock Hills AONB in 1956. The sandstone hills run from the Vale of Taunton Deane northwards to the Bristol Channel and provide spectacular views of the surrounding countryside.



 The county of Dorset lies on Somerset's southern border and 44% of the county - including much of its coastline - was designated an AONB in 1957. The protected area stretches from Lyme Regis in the west to Brownsea Island near Poole in the east and includes such beauty spots as Lulworth Cove and Chesil Beach.The northern edge of the AONB lies in Somerset.



 The Cotswolds stretch over six counties, with their southwestern corner in Somerset. They became the country's largest AONB on its creation in 1966. The area is distinctive due to the underlying limestone rock which has created a unique landscape and habitat for plants and animals.



 Running eastward from the Bristol Channel the Mendip Hills dominate the Somerset Levels from which they rise. They include such famous places as Cheddar Gorge and the Wookey Hole Caves and were designated an AONB in 1972.



 Cranborne Chase and the West Wiltshire Downs was designated an AONB in 1981 and spreads across four counties with its western tip in Somerset. The mainly chalk landscape includes the wooded Vale of Wardour which separates Cranborne Chase in the south from the Wiltshire Downs in the north. The area was once heavily forested and home to several royal hunting forests of which remnants still remain.



A further range of hills which have been designated an AONB in the county are the Blackdown Hills. They run along part of the county's western border with Devon and were designated in 1991.

Explorers and Adventurers
The navigator and pirate William Dampier was born in 1652 near Yeovil. His activities took him from Central and South America to Africa, Asia and Australia, experiences which he later wrote about. In 1704 he was in command of the ship on which Alexander Selkirk was a crewmember. Due to Dampier's cruelty Selkirk asked to be left on one of the Juan Fernández Islands which lie in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Chile. Selkirk stayed on the uninhabited island for over four years before being eventually rescued, a story which is said to have been the basis for Daniel Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe".

William Dampier



 John Hanning Speke was buried in the church at Dowlish Wake - near his family's ancestral home - in 1864. In 1856 he had set out with Sir Richard Francis Burton to find the source of the Nile and in 1858 they became the first Europeans to reach Lake Tanganyika. Burton, suffering from malaria, had to turn back and it was Speke travelling on alone who discovered the river's source which he named Lake Victoria. Speke died when he accidentally shot himself during a partridge shoot in Wiltshire.

John Hanning Speke Sir Richard Francis Burton

Famous People
The politician and pioneer of the trade union movement Ernest Bevin was born in Winsford in 1881. He was instrumental in building up the powerful National Transport and General Workers' Union, becoming its general secretary from 1921 until 1940 when he was offered an influential position in Winston Churchill's coalition government. In 1945 he became Foreign Secretary under Clement Attlee, using his negotiating skills to deal with the many difficulties facing post-war Europe. He resigned in 1951 due to ill health and died shortly afterwards. His ashes are interred in Westminster Abbey.

 Ernest Bevin
 Famous people buried at Westminster Abbey


There never has been a war yet which, if the facts had been put calmly before the ordinary folk, could not have been prevented . . . The common man, I think, is the great protection against war.
(Speech at the House of Commons, 1945)

Historic Events

Major Battles
In 1685 at the Battle of Sedgemoor near Bridgwater, the Royalists under the Earl of Feversham put down the Monmouth Rebellion against the Catholic reign of James II. The Duke of Monmouth, an illegitimate child of Charles II, had landed in Dorset to take the crown back for the Protestant cause. Following the defeat he was taken to the Tower of London and executed. Sedgemoor was the last battle to take place on English soil.

Duke of Monmouth James II
 Famous people imprisoned at the Tower of London

Important Events
In 1178 the first Carthusian priory - or Charterhouse - to be built in England was established at Witham Priory in the county. The Carthusians were a monastic order founded in 1084 in the Chartreuse valley in France. They led austere lives, ate and dressed simply and took vows of silence. Although they established fewer houses than other religious orders (only nine in England), the Carthusians had many influential supporters amongst the monarchy and nobility. England's second Charterhouse was also founded in the county, at Hinton in 1227.


National Parks
Exmoor is England's smallest National Park and was created in 1954.

Exmoor

Nobel Prize Winners

Chemistry
The chemist John Pople was born at Burnham-on-Sea in 1925. In 1998 he shared the Nobel Prize for Chemistry with the American Walter Kohn for his work in quantum chemistry.

Literature
The ashes of the American-born winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1948 T.S. Eliot, who wrote the poem The Waste Land, were interred at the church at East Coker in 1965. His ancestors had left the village in the 17th century to emigrate to the USA.

T.S. Eliot
Academy of American Poets: T.S. Eliot
 Time Magazine: The Time 100


The last temptation is the greatest treason:
To do the right deed for the wrong reason.
Murder in the Cathedral (1935)

In my beginning is my end.
Four Quartets - East Coker (1940)


Places of Interest

Castles
Cadbury Castle at South Cadbury was believed to be the location of Camelot, the court of the legendary King Arthur.

 King Arthur

Cathedrals and Abbeys
Bath Abbey

 Bath Abbey in 1791

Glastonbury Abbey has been associated with the mythical Avalon where in legend King Arthur and his Queen Guinnevere are supposedly buried.

 Glastonbury Abbey



Wells Cathedral

Wells Cathedral in 1795

Historic Buildings
Samuel Taylor Coleridge's home, Nether Stowey

Notable Places
Glastonbury Tor was said to be where the Holy Grail was hidden.


World Heritage Sites
The City of Bath was founded by the Romans as a thermal spa and was designated a World Heritage Site by the UNESCO in 1987.

Writers and Poets
For T.S. Eliot see Nobel Prize Winners



 While living at Nether Stowey between 1797 and 1800 Samuel Taylor Coleridge wrote The Rime of the Ancient Mariner and - together with William Wordsworth who lived nearby at Alfoxden House in 1797 - the Lyrical Ballads.

 Samuel Taylor Coleridge William Wordsworth
 The Wordsworths
The Friends of Coleridge The Wordsworth Trust


"God save thee, ancient Mariner!
From the fiends that plague thee thus!
Why look'st thou so?" - With my cross-bow
I shot the albatross.
Coleridge - The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (1798)

My heart leaps up when I behold
A rainbow in the sky:
So was it when my life began;
So is it now I am a man;
So be it when I shall grow old,
Or let me die!
The Child is the father of the Man;
Wordsworth - My heart leaps up (1807)



 The science fiction writer Sir Arthur C. Clark was born as Arthur Charles Clark in Minehead in 1917. The film 2001: A Space Odyssey was based on his short story The Sentinel. In the 1950s he emigrated to the island of Sri Lanka. In 2008 he died at his home on the island near the capital of Colombo where he is buried.

Sir Arthur C. Clark
 The Arthur C. Clark Foundation



 The poet Siegfried Sassoon was buried in Mells in 1967. He was one of the famous First World War poets whose experiences in the trenches of France drove them to write of the futility of war.

Siegfried Sassoon
 The First World War

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